@article{ author = {Ansaripour, M. and Soltanpoor, A. and Ghasemi, A. and Dehnavi, M.R.}, title = {Analysis of the microstructural characteristics of FSW connection of A517 (B) steel and its relation to mechanical properties and corrosion behavior}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of friction stir welding (FSW) connection of A517 (B) steel plate. Mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of weld zone were evaluated after reaching to optimum FSW microstructure with the lowest martensite phase. Thus, after the identifying phase microstructure by SEM and XRD analysis, mechanical properties were analyzed by micro-hardness and tensile test. Micro hardness data shows slight increases in stir zone (SZ) compared with the base metal (BM); although a reduction of about 17% in hardness of heat-affected zone (HAZ) was sensible. Reduction of hardness in the HAZ was appeared as drop by about 12 percent of the yield strength and 19 percent of ultimate strength compared with BM. SEM images from fracture surface of the tensile sample showed bi-modal distribution of large and small Dimples being sings of softness of HAZ .Comparing corrosion behavior in solution consist of 3.5 wt% of NaCl showed that there was no passive layers to prevent dissolution of the metal in the SZ and BM. while BM and SZ had fairly similar corrosion rates, Difference of 50 mV between corrosion potential of SZ and BM showed that in galvanic condition, corrosion resistance of BM could be lower than SZ.}, Keywords = {friction stir welding, A517(B) steel, microstructural properties, corrosion behavior.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sakiyan, S. and Sabet, H. and Abbasi, M.}, title = {Study the Profile Shape and Mechanical Properties of Bonded Joint HNV3 to Nimonic 80A Superalloy with Inertia Friction Welding Method}, abstract ={This Paper presents the welding parameter's effect (forging pressure, welding time) on macrostructure and mechanical properties of friction welding valve steel HNV3 to Nimonic 80A super alloy. For this purpose, two rods with 20 mm diameters are prepared and with using different parameters (Increase forging pressure and welding time) by friction welding method are welded together. Tensile Test carried out on samples for investigating the effect of a parameter. It was discovered that when the welding parameters used in connecting HNV3 and Nimonic 80A Superalloy couple through friction welding were selected correctly; strength of the connection would increase compared to the main material.}, Keywords = {Nimonic 80A Superalloy, HNV3 Steel, Welding Parameters, Friction welding.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-20}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, R. and HeshmatDehkordi, E. and Shamanian, M.}, title = {Investigation of microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds between Incoloy 825 and 316 stainless steel}, abstract ={In this study, microstructural features and mechanical properties of Incoloy 825-316L stainless steel dissimilar joints have been investigated. For this purpose, pulsed gas tungsten arc welding method was employed and 316L, Inconel 82 and Inconel 625 alloys were used as filler metal. First, specimens were cut. Pulsed gas tungsten arc welding was performed using peak and base currents of 220 A and 110 A, respectively. Microstructure of welded joints was studied using metallographic observations and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, tensile and microhardness measurements were done on the joints. In all specimens, dendritic and equiaxed and/or cellular growth of austenite phase was observed. Incoloy 625 weld metal had the finest dendritic structure. Tensile test results revealed the ductile fracture with a high percent of elongation for all specimens. The highest tensile strength and percent of elongation of 610 MPa and 48% were obtained for specimen welded using Inconel 625 filler metal. Inconel 625 and 316 stainless steel weld metals showed the highest and lowest microhardness with values of 232 HV and 224 HV, respectively.  }, Keywords = {Incoloy 825, 316L stainless steel, Dissimilar welding, Pulsed gas tungsten arc welding, Austenitic microstructure, EDS.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-31}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Safari, M. and Mostaan, H. and Bakhtiari, A.}, title = {Optimization of variables of friction stir welding process with the aim of achieving the maximum fracture strength}, abstract ={In this research, lap joint frictionstir welding of IF sheets with thickness of 0.7 mm is investigated. For this purpose, mechanical properties of joints and also microstructural evolutions are studied. It was found that increase in tool rotational speed and decrease in travel speed results in increase in fracture stress of welded joints. Texture study indicates that no changes can be observed in texture components after friction stir welding. This phenomenon in texture components can be related to high stacking fault energy of IF steel and consequently severe dynamic recrystallization during welding. The results show with increase in the tool rotational speed between 900-1400 Rev/min, ultimate force of fracture of friction stir welded joints is increased. Also, it is concluded from results that with increase in tool travel speed between 50-160 mm/min, ultimate force of fracture of welded joints is decreased. Finally it is proved from results of this paper that in the frictionstir welding of IF sheets with thickness of 0.7 mm, maximum force of fracture of welded joints is achieved in rotational speed of 1400 Rev/min and travel speed of 105 mm/min.   }, Keywords = {Friction stir welding, IF steel, texture study, Microstructure, optimization.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {32-48}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SadeghiGogheri, M. and Shabani, M. and Mirzapour, E. and Kasiri, M. and Amini, K.}, title = {Friction stir welding of dissimilar joint of aluminum alloy 5083 and commercially pure titanium}, abstract ={In this study, commercially pure titanium and aluminum alloy 5083 in connection rotational speed of 1120 rpm and a feed rate of 50 mm per minute for butt welding by friction stir welding has been successfully completed. Micro-structure, hardness and tensile test was conducted on the connection. Welding area is a composite of aluminum and titanium particles that the particles plays an important role in increasing hardness and tensile strength. Welding area is also has three areas. Vickers hardness is 480 times the area of welding means that the hardness in the area of the base metal of titanium and aluminum increased by 16% and 60% for titanium aluminum intermetallic compounds is created in the area is weld.}, Keywords = {Aluminum 5083, commercially pure titanium, friction stir welding, microstructure, mechanical properties.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-56}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Behjat, A. and Shamanian, M. and Atapour, M. and AhlSarmadi, M.}, title = {Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of HSLA-60}, abstract ={High-strength low alloy steels are a class of steels used in applications that require high strength and good weldability, including ship hulls, gas pipelines and oil industry. One way to build parts is fusion welding that create areas with a large grain size in the heat-affected zone and increased susceptibility to hydrogen cracking. One way to solve this problem is to use solid state friction stir welding process. In this study, microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of friction stir welding X-60 cross sections examined by optical microscope and by tensile and micro-hardness tests. The results indicate that changing welding parameters and thereby, change the heat input during friction stir welding have a great impact on maximum temperature and cooling rate that cause creating ferrite and bainitic ferrite in the weld zone. This change in microstructure of weld zone cause to improve mechanical properties that increase yield strength from 380 MPa to 420 MPa .Also, the friction stir process cause increasing hardness of 220 Vickers to an average of 280 Vickers and uniform distribution of hardness in the cross-section of friction stir joints.}, Keywords = {High Strength Low Alloy Steel X60, Friction Stir Welding, Solid State Welding, Heat-Affected Zone, Cooling Rate}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-68}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Najafi, Y. and MalekGhaini, F. and Palizdar, Y. and Gholami, S.}, title = {The effect of heat input on the microstructure and hardness of continuous fiber laser welded high Al-content δ-TRIP steel}, abstract ={Recent research suggests that extraordinary combinations of strength and ductility can be achieved in the so-called TRIP steels. With the development of these steels, welding with small weld nugget size and acceptable strength are needed. For these reasons present study was carried out to investigate the effect of heat input onweld size, microstructure and the hardness of the welded metal of 0.4%C- 4%Al δ-TRIP steel after continues fiber-laser welding process. To achieve this goal a bead on plate welding with three different values of heat input 28, 60 and 80 J/mm were used.The results of welding process revealed that by increasing the heat input, cooling rate decreased and the volume percent of the δ-ferrite in weld metal increased due to the availability of sufficient time for partitioning of Al in high heat input which leads to the stable δ-ferrite and as a result the difference between the hardness of the weld metal in comparison to the base metal decreased.}, Keywords = {δ-TRIP steel, Heat treatment, Fiber laser welding, Heat input, High Aluminum, Micro hardness}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-76}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sabzi, M. and Kalantaripour, R.}, title = {Investigation on Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hadfield Steel Weld Joints in SMAW Process}, abstract ={In this investigation, the effect of heat input of SMAW process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hadfield steel weld joints was investigated. For this purpose, 4 annealed sheets with thickness 2 mm prepared from Hadfield steel and then welding applied by SMAW process with 6.75 and 11.25 kJ/mm heat input values. The evaluation of the microstructures of welding joints was conducted by optical microscopy and the joints mechanical properties were examined by tensile, charpy impact and microhardness measuring tests. The results indicated that by increasing the heat input in the SMAW process, microstructure consisted from smaller grains, and strength and microhardness increased but impact energy was reduced.  }, Keywords = {Hadfield steel, mechanical properties, weld joints, heat input, microstructure. }, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {77-88}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {GhasemiTabasi, H. and Kokabi, A. H.}, title = {Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of 410NiMo as an overlay layer on low alloy steel}, abstract ={The aim of this study is to reach an increased service life for parts using in sour environment by weld overlaying process. In this investigation, two successive layers of ER410NiMo were clad on low alloy steel substrates. To reduce the likelihood of Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) and producing stable hydrogen traps, Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) was conducted. Microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, and mechanical tests show significant increase for austenite volume fraction after second stage of PWHT. In fact, not only two-stage PWHT  reduce the samples hardness, but it also increases austenite volume fraction which is a more resistant microstructure against hydrogen cracking.}, Keywords = {Weld overlaying, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydrogen embrittlement, Martensitic stainless steel, Temper}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {2-14}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ansari, S. and Ranjbarnodeh, E. and Iranmanesh, M.}, title = {Effect of geometrical variable and welding sequence on residual stresses and deformation in a 5083-H321 aluminum T joint}, abstract ={Studies on welding process of Aluminium weldments shows that post-weld residual stress and deformation are influential on structure efficiency and there are different variable which affect these stresses and deformation. In this study the effect of geometrical variables and welding sequence on residual stresses and deformation in Aluminium H321 have investigated by the finite element software Ansys. Thermo elastic-plastic model was verified by metallography experiment and measurement of post-weld deformation afterward, weld leg, penetration depth and welding sequence were optimized to minimize the distortion. It was concluded that weld-volume increase post-weld distortion and it can be minimize by choosing an appropriate weld sequence}, Keywords = {friction Geometry, Sequence, Residual stress and distortion, T joint, 5083-H321 aluminum}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {15-26}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MohammadiZahrani, M. and Shamanian, M.}, title = {Effect of heat treatment on the grain structure and mechanical properties of Al-7075 friction stir weld}, abstract ={The fine grain structure of friction-stir welded aluminum alloys is unstable during post weld heat treatment and some grains abnormally grown. In this study, the sequence of abnormal grain growth during T6 heat treatment of Al-7075 friction-stir weld and its effect on mechanical properties of the weld was studied. The results showed that heat treatment in 510 ˚C resulted in drastic grain growth in stir zone and fine equiaxed grains in the stir zone of as-welded joint were substituted by millimeter-scale irregular grains. Post weld heat treatment resulted in decrease in the tensile elongation from about 10% to 1.5% although the joint tensile strength improved by 28%. In addition, post weld heat treatment changed the fracture location from the  heat-affected zone to the stir zone.}, Keywords = {Friction-stir welding, Al-7075, Microstructure, Abnormal grain growth, Mechanical properties}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {27-37}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Amelzadeh, M. and Mirsalehi, S. E.}, title = {Investigation on effect of holding time in brazing of steel to cemented carbide using Cu-Ag alloy filler metal}, abstract ={Nowadays, cemented carbides-steels joints by brazing method are taken into consideration. One of the problems of these joints is the creation residual stresses that can reduce it with choose correct parameters of brazing. In this study, Silver base alloy filler containing copper, zinc and cadmium have been used in temperature 780°C and the effect of time parameter 5, 10 and 15 minutes on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that brazing in 15 minutes causes a columnar growth of solid solution phase of copper from cemented carbide side to steel and provides maximum strength of 94MPa. As well as, by passing of time wetting angle of cemented carbide surface reduces from 40° to about 27°.}, Keywords = {Cemented Carbide, Steel, Brazing, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {38-46}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mollapour, Y. and Aghakhani, M. and Eskandari, H. and Azarioun2, H.}, title = {Modeling of weld penetration in SAW process in the presence of boehmite nano-particles surface adsorbed by boric acid using MLP-ANN}, abstract ={This paper investigates the effect of boehmite nano-particles surface adsorbed byboric acid (BNBA) along with other input welding parameters such as welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, nozzle-to-plate distance on weld penetration. Weld penetration modeling was carried out using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MPANN) technique. For the sake of training the network, 70% of the obtained data from experimentation using five-level five-factor central composite rotatable design of experiments was used. The performance of the network shows a good agreement between the experimental data and the data obtained from the network. Hence, it is to be concluded that MPANN is highly accurate in predicting the weld penetration in SAW process.}, Keywords = {Submerged arc welding, Weld penetration, Boehmite nano-particles, ANN}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-55}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Gharaei, Hamid and Salehi, Mahdi and Nahvi, Mehran and Sadeghian, Behz}, title = {Optimization of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to develop the NiAl coating using neural networks and genetic algorithm}, abstract ={In this research, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used in order to produce and develop the NiAl intermetallic coating with the best wear behavior and the most value of hardness. The effect of variations of current, voltage and gas flow on the hardness and wear resistance were optimized by ANN and GA. In the following, the optimum  values of current, voltage and gas flow were obtained 90(A), 10(v) and 9 (Lit/min), respectively. Then, the wear behavior in the environment temperature and high temperature for optimized NiAl compound was compared with two other experimental samples.}, Keywords = {Intermetallic NiAl compound, Cladding, Artificial neural networks, Genetic algorithm, High temperature wear}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-70}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jula, Mohammad and Dehmolaei, Reza and AlaviZaree, Seyed Rez}, title = {Optimization of pulesd current gas tungsten arc welding process parameters to attain maximum weld metal toughness ofAISI 316/A387 Gr.91 weld joints with Taguchi method}, abstract ={In this paper, maximum value of energy to break at Charpy impact test as a criterion of fracture toughness of AISI 316/A387 Gr.91 weld joints with ERNiCrMo-3 filler metal were obtained by optimization of pulesd current gas tungsten arc welding process parameters. The selected parameters were peak current, background current, frequency and on time percentage that were changed in three levels. Therefore a L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi design including nine experiments for four parameters with three levels (34) was used. Analysis of signal to noise (S/N) ratio indicated that optimized values of peak current, background current, frequency and on time percentage were 120A, 90A, 10Hz and 80%, respectively. The welded specimen with optimized parameters showed an energy to break at Charpy impact test value of 65J at -20°c. The obtained results also demonstrated that the most influence on energy to break values belonged to background current, frequency, peak current and on time percentage, respectively. }, Keywords = {Weld metal fracture toughness, pulesd current gas tungsten arc welding, Taguchi method, AISI 316 steel, A387 Gr.91 steel}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-83}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {LashkariGhoochani, Mahdi and Beidokhti, Behrooz}, title = {Investigation on the corrosion behaviour of 420 welding martensitic steel with the ER308L, ER309L and ER420 fillers studied in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without CO2}, abstract ={In this research 420 martensitic stainless steel welded with the ER308L, ER309L and ER420 fillers by GTAW method. The corrosion properties of  the samples has been studied in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without CO2. Potentiodynamic polarization used to obtain the ER308L and ER309L have the best corrosion properties. In addition the welding process makes the 420 HAZ zone to be sensitized. The pitting potential of the samples has been decreased in presence of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, by adding CO2 to the solution the pH has been decreased and the corrosion potential reached near the -500 mV/SCE and the passivity current is also lowered.}, Keywords = {Corrosion, Welding, Stainless steel, Martensit, Potentiodynamic polarization}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {84-91}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Safari, M. and Mostaan, H.}, title = {Resistance spot welding of AISI 201 stainless steel: The relationship between welding current, microstructure, mechanical properties and failure mode}, abstract ={In this paper, resistance spot welding process of AISI 201 stainless steel is studied experimentally. For this purpose, effect of welding current on quality of weld is investigated and relationships between welding current and fusion zone characteristics are examined. For determining mechanical properties such as maximum load and fracture mode, tensile - shear test of spot welds is performed.  Hardness and microstructural examinations are performed for study the influence of welding current on characteristics of welded joints. The results show that strength of resistance spot welds of AISI 201 stainless steel is increased with increase in welding current. Transition of fracture mode from interfacial to pullout and then pullout with tearing of sheet mode during tensile-shear tests of AISI 201 spot welds is investigated through experimental and theoretical approaches. It is concluded from results that increasing in welding current leads to change in fracture mode from interfacial to pullout mode due to increase in fusion zone size (weld nugget size). Also, it is observed that increasing in fusion zone size is accompanied by an increase in load carrying capacity of resistance spot welds. The minimum required fusion zone size to ensure pullout fracture mode is estimated using an analytical model. }, Keywords = {Resistance spot welding, AISI 201 stainless steel, Microstructural evolution, Mechanical properties, Fracture mode}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-105}, publisher = {Iranian Institute of Welding and Non Destructive Testing}, url = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.html}, eprint = {http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Welding Science and Technology of Iran}, issn = {2476-583X}, eissn = {2676-6787}, year = {2016} }